The Pension Series (Part 18): Social Security – The People’s Pension

Waffles and Chicken(shit)

I’ve waffled in recent weeks on the need to write a post about Social Security for the Pension Series. On the one hand, since the American form of Social Security pays out in annuity form, it seems like a relevant topic for the Series. Plus, an overwhelming majority of American workers pay into the program. Therefore, it’s the sole remaining Defined Benefit Plan (DBP) that almost all Americans workers still have access to in retirement. Finally, because almost everyone’s eligible for Social Security in America, there’s uncertainty surrounding the future financial viability of the program. That uncertainty alone is enough to justify the need for an article since much of the Pension Series is built around the idea of quantifying the uncertainty surrounding pensions.

On the other hand, there are a lot of drawbacks to writing an article on Social Security. First and foremost, is the sheer number of articles already written about the subject. From books to news articles, to blogs, and podcasts; I doubt there’s a format of media that hasn’t been utilized to discuss Social Security in the USA. That’s partly due to the fact that Social Security is an extremely controversial topic. Since nearly everyone’s entitled to it, nearly everyone has a strong opinion about it. In fact, the government calls it an entitlement, and as an entitlement, it’s earned a reputation as a third rail in American politics — meaning a politician touches it at their own peril much like the electrified third rail in a subway system. Continue reading

The Pension Series (Part 17): Buying Years – A Case Study

The Set Up

A reader (let’s call her Buffy) recently asked me if I could help her and her husband (let’s call him Angel) determine if “buying years back” from Angel’s pension would be worth it. For those of you unfamiliar with the concept of “buying years back”, it basically means under certain circumstances a worker can pay the pension fund to add years onto their final pension calculation. I only learned of the concept of “buying years” after starting this blog. Although the concept appears common in many European retirement systems, and the Canadian national system; the feature is reserved for public pension systems at the local, state, and (non-military) federal level in the U.S. The worker usually qualifies through special circumstances like prior military service (that fell short of pension eligibility), or previous participation in a separate public pension system (e.g. a teacher who moves from one school system to another).

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The Pension Series (Part 16): VA Disability

Friendship Is Rare

Does anyone have a friend that dates back to first grade? I don’t mean an acquaintance either. I mean someone that’s been there almost your entire life through thick and thin. Someone who is more like a brother or a sister than a friend. I’m happy to report that I got one. I’m also happy to report that he decided to write an article for my blog!

Now, I believe it’s good etiquette that people who host blogs introduce anyone who writes a guest post. In fact, that’s what Darrow Kirkpatrick did for me when I wrote Part 8 of the Pension Series for his blog. However, in this case, my friend interwove his story into the blog post. So instead of a long-winded introduction, I’ll simply say:

Here’s a great post on the tax benefits of VA disability from a best friend of mine that I’ve known since 1982!

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The Pension Series (Part 15): The Pension Benefit Guarantee Corporation (PBGC)

Rushin’ Headlong

PBGC

Wrong type of rushin’

It’s time to take on the somewhat controversial topic of the PBGC. I touched upon it already in several previous posts. In fact, I mentioned it as early as Part 1 of the Pension Series, and as recently as Post 14. Yet, I never tackled it head-on; so it feels like I’m overdue for an article on the PBGC specifically. I was half-hoping someone in my Facebook Group had experience with it because primary sources are always best when researching a topic. However, given the typical conditions attached to the PBGC’s intervention in a pension fund, it’s better that no one has.

Now, for those of you who are thinking, “PBGC? WTF is the PBGC?”, I hear you. I departed from my typical pattern with this post. Normally I warm up my audience with a nice long intro that culminates in an explanation of the topic at hand. However, I dispensed with the niceties this time. With that said, it’s probably best if I at least explain what the PBGC is for anyone who doesn’t know or doesn’t remember. Continue reading

The Pension Series (Part 14): Pension Risk Transfer

The Prodigal Series Returns

Welcome back to the Pension Series everyone! I hope you didn’t interpret my several month hiatus (from the series) as a lack of interest in the intersection between pensions and Financial Independence (FI). If you did, then let me assure you that I remain committed to the topic. In fact, my Facebook Group members can attest that I typically post one or two articles a week to prompt discussion on the topic of pensions and FI. That said, I must admit after the rush to write and publish parts 11 through 13 of the Pension Series, it took me a while to find more content that met my standards. At this point in the series, I look for topics that I haven’t already addressed; that help my readers navigate the Golden Albatross decision; and/or enable planning for FI using a pension.

The Search Is Over

Luckily, I recently found a few more topics which deserve examination. Several of the latest topics stem from articles I posted in my Facebook Group. In fact, it wasn’t until I posted an article about FedEx transferring a large portion of its pension fund to Met Life in my Facebook Group, that I realized the topic of pension risk transfer deserved an entire article itself.

In the past few months I’ve noted several stories from both the U.S. and U.K. about companies transferring some or all of their pension funds to insurance companies. The FedEx story started a conversation in my Facebook Group about winners and losers in risk transfer scenarios where a pension fund transfers obligations to an insurance company. Between the company who owns the pension fund, the insurance company, and the plan participants; most of the respondents from my group seemed to think the plan participants (i.e. current and future pensioners) lost. I must admit that I agreed.

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The Pension Series (Part 12): More Pension Lump Sum Analysis (Updated)

Nerd Alert!

This article is a follow-up on the lump sum case study I conducted for the ChooseFI listener, Tess, in Part 11 of the Pension Series. If you missed it, that case study also aired as Episode 58R on the ChooseFI Podcast. I mentally debated if I should make this Part 11a considering the links between the two articles.  However, given this article’s length, and the alternate pension lump sum analysis method it outlines, I decided it warrants its own part in the series.

I’ll warn you now, this article is another deep dive into the world of pension lump sum offers. It won’t be my last either. Pension lump sum analysis is a rabbit hole. As I pointed out in my previous article, there’s no one correct method. A lot depends on what the pensioner values and the questions they are trying to answer. Proper analysis is also based on the strings attached to either the lump sum or the annuities.

pension lump sum analysis

Hello? Can anyone up there hear me? I got stuck down here analyzing my pension lump sum!

Fortunately, as a result of my appearance on ChooseFI 58R, several people reached out to discuss methods of calculating pension value and conducting lump sum analysis. We are currently in the process of compiling a spreadsheet with many of those methods baked in. It’s not quite ready though. So, for now, you have to put up with another wordy pension lump sum analysis from yours truly. Forewarned is forearmed. Continue reading

The Pension Series (Part 5): Survivorship (Updated)

Substantive Correction

This is an updated version to my article originally posted 04 October 2017. This version includes a substantive correction. The previous version of the article failed to accurately describe all the calculations required when comparing a pension with an inflation-linked Cost of Living Adjustment (COLA) to life insurance. I noticed my omission today and reworked the affected paragraphs. I also took the opportunity to clean up some grammar. You will see substantive changes noted in red text. I believe the changes make the comparisons between life insurance and survivorship more competitive.

The incomplete calculations I described in the previous version of my article appeared weighted towards survivorship. That was not my intent. Since the intent of the article changed, and I believe in full disclosure with my readers; I felt this mistake warranted a revision with new publish date.

This is a first for me in the blogging sphere, although in the military we routinely  strive for this level of transparency when an official report, memorandum, or instruction contains a major mistake. The primary purpose for issuing a correction is to prevent anyone from acting on erroneous information. It’s also important that the historical record reflect accurate information. I’ve decided to hold myself to the same standard on this blog.

As a result, I advise anyone who read and used the methods described in the previous version of this article to read this update and adjust your calculations accordingly. While I apologize for the inconvenience, and always strive for 100% accuracy in my articles; I would remind everyone I’m not a professional. Nor am I considering your case specifically. No matter how comfortable you are with your retirement numbers and plan; it’s always best to run your them by a professional like a fee-only Certified Financial Planner who adheres to the fiduciary standard.  Again my apologies.

Survivorship

KJH, we honor the fallen in the Grumpus Maximus family.

Death Sucks

In late Summer 2003, a member of my unit and one of its seasoned mentors was killed in the early days of the Insurgency in Iraq. We were both part of a tight-knit group of young officers that worked and played hard. While I would not have called him a close friend, many in our group did, and I often sought advice and guidance from him. His death was a blow to everyone in our group and the unit as a whole. Nothing was the same after it. Most of us were not prepared mentally and we all took it personally. Each of us dealt with his death in our own way, and I am sad to say it splintered the group in ways I never could’ve foreseen. Continue reading

The Pension Series (Part 10): Geoarbitrage and Pensions

Where in the World …

geoarbitrage

… is Grumpus Maximus?

In Part 9 of the Pension Series a reader’s question prompted me to research the interplay between the U.S. Federal tax code and pensions. My reader, Mr. Yankee, wanted to know what options existed to minimize Federal taxes when pension payments started for him and his wife, Mrs. Doodle. I found a few specific instances to defray some Federal tax, but nothing major. Turns out Mr. Yankee already knew the most powerful tax options available to him. What did Mr. Yankee know? He knew that in the U.S., geography mattered when it came to taxes — specifically at the State level.

For my one non-related international reader, it may seem strange, but in the U.S. we tax income more than once. We typically tax it at the Federal and the State level, and sometimes even at the local level. Furthermore, pension payments typically count as income no matter the source. As I chronicled in Part 9 of the Pension Series, everyone who receives a pension is (typically) subjected to Federal tax. However, not every State in the Union taxes income. Nor does every State tax pension payments as income. Continue reading

The Pension Series (Part 9): Pensions and U.S. Federal Taxes

***This is an updated article. See Post Script at the bottom***

Today’s topic comes from one of my Facebook group followers.  I recently solicited my Golden Albatross group on subjects to research and write about, and Mr. Yankee responded with the following question:

Has there been discussion of how to shelter your pension benefits from federal tax? When I retire I expect to receive about $60,000 a year from my pension I’d hate to give a large portion of it back to the government.

I told Mr. Yankee I would look into it since I’d yet to conduct an in-depth analysis of pensions and taxes. It’s a bit premature considering the fact that U.S. tax law is undergoing its first major overhaul since the 1980s. Currently, the House and the Senate are working on reconciling their two different bills into one in order to approve and send to the President for signature. However, my research only shows one proposal in the House bill with the potential to impact this conversation in any meaningful way, and I believe I can address it appropriately. If something radical happens in the reconciliation process, I will simply update this article when the dust settles. Continue reading

The Pension Series (Part 8): Deciding to Take a Pension Lump Sum

We Interrupt Your Previously Scheduled Program …

Great news! You don’t have to read me waffling on about analyzing your pension lump sum offer this week at GrumpusMaximus.com. I published Part 8 of the Pension Series as a guest post for Darrow Kirkpatrick’s blog, CanIRetireYet.com, so you can read my waffling there instead.  Check it out at the following link.

Darrow’s site is a long time favorite of mine.  It is the one sight, more than any other, that inspired me to make the calculations and determine if early retirement was possible for myself and my family. Avid readers of my blog may already be familiar with his work as I reference it quit a bit. Luckily a mutual friend put Darrow and I in touch, and I now get to consider him a mentor and a friend.  Many thanks to Darrow for providing me the opportunity to write for his site, and gain exposure for the Golden Albatross message and GrumpusMaximus.com.  Darrow does not allow comments on his website, but feel free to post them to this article and let me know what you think.

Enjoy!

— GM